A Pledge Never to Pursue Hegemony, Expansion or Spheres of Influence

China's national defense policy is most prominently characterized by a pledge never to pursue hegemony, expansion or spheres of influence. 

From the mid-19th century to the founding of the People's Republic in 1949, China was ravaged by foreign aggression and civil wars. The Chinese people cherish peace, understand the imperative for national development, and will never impose on others the sufferings inflicted on us. China has never provoked a war or conflict over the 70 years since 1949. We have remained committed to world peace and voluntarily reduced our forces by more than four million since the start of China's reform and opening up in the late 1970s. 

Instead of benefiting from the largesse of others, or riding on the back of military expansionism or the plundering of colonies, China's successful transition from a poor and weak country to the world's second largest economy relies on a hard-working people and their unrelenting quest for peace. Efforts to maintain world peace help create conditions conducive to national development. Progress in national development, for its part, also contributes to world peace. We sincerely hope that all countries will choose peaceful development, and work together to prevent conflict and war.  

China seeks cooperation with others on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, and respects other countries' right to decide how they will develop. International disputes should be resolved through dialog and consultation between the countries concerned on an equal footing. China stands firm against interference in other countries' internal affairs, bullying of the weak by the powerful, and any attempt to impose one's own will on others. 

China seeks partnership rather than alliances with some against others. It has never joined any military bloc and are firmly opposed to any aggression or expansionist moves, and any wanton use or threat of force. China's defense capability responds to its own legitimate security needs, and contributes to world peace. 

History has proven and will continue to prove that China will never follow the beaten track of big powers in seeking hegemony. No matter how far we progress, we will never threaten anyone, or seek spheres of influence.   

永不稱霸、永不擴(kuò)張、永不謀求勢(shì)力范圍

堅(jiān)持永不稱霸、永不擴(kuò)張、永不謀求勢(shì)力范圍，是新時(shí)代中國(guó)國(guó)防的鮮明特征。

中華民族歷來(lái)愛(ài)好和平。近代以來(lái)，中國(guó)人民飽受侵略和戰(zhàn)亂之苦，深感和平之珍貴、發(fā)展之迫切，決不會(huì)把自己經(jīng)受過(guò)的悲慘遭遇強(qiáng)加于人。新中國(guó)成立70年來(lái)，中國(guó)沒(méi)有主動(dòng)挑起過(guò)任何一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和沖突。改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，中國(guó)致力于促進(jìn)世界和平，主動(dòng)裁減軍隊(duì)員額400余萬(wàn)。中國(guó)由積貧積弱發(fā)展成為世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體，靠的不是別人的施舍，更不是軍事擴(kuò)張和殖民掠奪，而是人民勤勞、維護(hù)和平。中國(guó)既通過(guò)維護(hù)世界和平為自身發(fā)展創(chuàng)造有利條件，又通過(guò)自身發(fā)展促進(jìn)世界和平，真誠(chéng)希望所有國(guó)家都選擇和平發(fā)展道路，共同防范沖突和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

中國(guó)堅(jiān)持在和平共處五項(xiàng)原則基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展同各國(guó)的友好合作，尊重各國(guó)人民自主選擇發(fā)展道路的權(quán)利，主張通過(guò)平等對(duì)話和談判協(xié)商解決國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端，反對(duì)干涉別國(guó)內(nèi)政，反對(duì)恃強(qiáng)凌弱，反對(duì)把自己的意志強(qiáng)加于人。中國(guó)堅(jiān)持結(jié)伴不結(jié)盟，不參加任何軍事集團(tuán)，反對(duì)侵略擴(kuò)張，反對(duì)動(dòng)輒使用武力或以武力相威脅。中國(guó)的國(guó)防建設(shè)和發(fā)展，始終著眼于滿足自身安全的正當(dāng)需要，始終是世界和平力量的增長(zhǎng)。歷史已經(jīng)并將繼續(xù)證明，中國(guó)決不走追逐霸權(quán)、“國(guó)強(qiáng)必霸”的老路。無(wú)論將來(lái)發(fā)展到哪一步，中國(guó)都不會(huì)威脅誰(shuí)，都不會(huì)謀求建立勢(shì)力范圍。