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聯合國開發計劃署亞洲太平洋地區社會性別的人類發展報告今天發布 |
Launch of the Asia-Pacific Regional Human Development Report on Gender |
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在過去的幾十年中，中國雖然在經濟發展上取得了舉世矚目的進步，但這一進步并沒有明顯改善中國性別歧視的狀況。和其它亞太地區國家一樣，中國的發展因性別差距而受到影響。在這一地區的女性受制于有限的權力、話語權以及權利。這一限制將有礙于中國未來經濟的發展。 |
While China has experienced unsurpassed economic development in recent decades, this progress has not been even in achieving gender equality. The country, like its Asia-Pacific counterparts, remains hindered by the presence of a severe gender gap. Women across the region continue to lack power, voice and rights; this void can impede a country’s further economic growth. |
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以上內容是今天發布的聯合國開發計劃署《亞太地區人類發展報告—權力、話語和權利：亞太地區性別平等的轉折點》中的部分主要發現。聯合國系統駐華協調代表兼聯合國開發計劃署駐華代表馬和勵在發布會上表示：“國際三八婦女節是強調和呼吁性別平等的重要平臺。雖然中國在提升婦女地位上已取得重大進步，但我們也意識到，每個國家都或多或少存在性別差距?！?span lang="EN-US"> |
Those were some of the findings of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) sponsored 2010 Asia-Pacific Human Development Report launched today; entitled Power, Voice and Rights: A Turning Point for Gender Equality in Asia and the Pacific. “Women’s Day is a great platform to highlight gender equality as a powerful investment,” said Khalid Malik, UN Resident Coordinator and UNDP Resident Representative in China. “While China has made remarkable progress in improving the status of women, we know that there is no country in the world which is free from gender gaps.” |
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這份報告以推動性別平等政策制定為目標，注重關注經濟權力、政治決策以及法律權利三個方面。 |
Aiming to enhance policies toward gender equality, the Report focuses on three areas of interest — economic power, political voice and the establishment of legal rights.? |
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據這份報告顯示，亞太地區女性的低就業率每年使這一地區損失幾十億美元。據保守估計，在印度、印度尼西亞、馬來西亞等國家，當女性的就業率水平提升到和發達國家相同時（70%），這些國家每年的國內生產總值將增長2-4個百分點。在中國，將近70%的女性擁有有償工作，這一水平遠遠高出了世界53%的平均水平。這一數據和中國長期較高的發展速度以及工業化進程相符。 |
According to the Report, lack of women’s participation in the workforce costs the region billions of dollars every year. In countries such as India, Indonesia and Malaysia conservative estimates show that GDP would increase by up to 2-4 percent annually if women’s employment rates were raised to 70 percent, closer to the rate of many developed countries. In China, nearly 70 percent of women are in paid work, well above the global average of 53 percent. This statistic runs parallel to the higher long-term growth and industrialization experienced by the nation. |
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報告同時發現，亞太地區女性只擁有很少的政治職位，這一數量比除阿拉伯地區外世界任何地區都少。發展水平也不一定與女性參政水平相符。例如，在日本和韓國，女性只擁有10%的立法席位。在中國，女性人大代表數量從1983年起就在21％左右徘徊，而在農村地區，雖然女性占到了農村勞動力的65%，但處于地區決策地位的女性人數比例只有1-2%。在整個亞太地區，女性僅擁有7%的土地，這一比例在世界大多數地區為20%。 |
The Report also finds that Asia-Pacific women hold only a handful of political offices, fewer than anywhere else in the world except in the Arab region. Development level does not necessarily correlate with high political participation for women, either; women in Japan and the Republic of Korea, for example, hold just 10 percent of legislative seats. Female representatives in China’s National People’s Congress have lingered around 21% since 1983. In rural China, although women make up 65% of the rural labor force, they occupy only 1-2% of the local decision-making positions. Throughout Asia-Pacific, women head only 7 percent of farms, compared to 20 percent in most other regions of the world. |
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而“失蹤女孩”的問題在這一地區尤為突出。這一問題包括男孩數量明顯多于女孩，以及女性因對健康和營養的忽視而死亡。據該報告發現，在全球將近1億的“失蹤婦女”中，僅中國和印度就有8500萬。這些女性大多死于醫療、營養供應上的歧視性對待甚至完全忽視，或是因為她們一開始就未被允許出生。由于中國存在嚴重的重男輕女現象，在2005年，中國0－4歲人口中男性與女性的性別比為122:100。 |
The problem of “missing girls” ―in which more boys are born rather than girls and women die from health and nutrition neglect— is actually growing throughout the region. China and India together account for more than 85 million of the nearly 100 million “missing” women estimated to have died from discriminatory treatment in health care, nutrition access or pure neglect ―or because they were never born in the first place, the Report found. With China’s strong preference for male offspring, in 2005, the sex ratio of children under the age of 5 totaled 122.66 (122 boys for every 100 girls born), the highest ratio in all of Asia Pacific.? |
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就解決性別差距問題，該報告提出的建議包括制定推動性別平等的政策以及提高女性參政人數比例。在這方面，聯合國系統在其所有部門倡導社會性別主流化，通過關注社會性別，尊重人類發展以及以權利為基礎的方式，幫助中國達到千年發展目標。馬和勵在最后說道：“追求性別平等并不是最終目的，它是未來經濟和社會發展不可或缺的一部分，因此將繼續作為聯合國開發計劃署在中國以及全球的一項首要任務。” |
Putting in place policies which favor gender equality while boosting female political participation are some of the solutions recommended by the Report to help mend the gender gap. In its efforts, the UN system promotes gender mainstreaming in all its programs and adopts gender-responsive, human-oriented, rights-based approaches to China’s Millennium Development Goals. “Gender equality is not only an end in itself, but integral for the achievement of further economic and social development, and thus is a continuing priority for UNDP globally and in China,” concluded Malik.? |
